如何使用布局管理器

很多初学者在用Java布局器自动布局画界面时,经常遇见不知道如何定义区域大小或按钮之间的距离等问题。我写过一篇《实现JAVA手动布局中各个组件能随窗口变化的方法》的文章,有读者反映算坐标不好算,问能不能用布局器实现文章中的界面。其实自动布局也可以解决定义区域大小或按钮之间的距离等问题,只是没有手动布局那么灵活。下面我就举一个例子。

首先,建一个frame文件(Application应用程序),在Design中将this中的layout设置为BorderLayout。

第二,在组件盘内点选Swing Container页签,选取Jpanel图标,在this中上方拖拽一块区域,布局器会自动调整位置与大小;同样的方法在中下方也拖拽一块区域;在Swing Container页签,选取jScrollPane图标,将jScrollPane在中间拖拽一块区域。拖拽的顺序一定要先上后下再中间。为了方便区分,在Properties的background中,将上方的Jpanel1区域设置为红色,下方的Jpanel2区域设置为橙色,中间的jScrollPane1为粉红色。将Jpanel1和Jpanel2的layout设置为flowLayout(必须要手动设置,不要采用默认值)。

第三,在Jpanel中放入一个Jlable标题栏,JTextField1文本框和Jbutton按钮,在组件盘内点选Swing 页签,选取JLable图标在Jpanel1的中画一个标题栏,将text改为“请输入查询条件”,再选取JtextField在Jpanel1中画一个文本框,将text改为空,最后选取Jbutton在Jpanel1中再画一个按钮将text改为“查询”。画完后他们都是在中间,而且大小固定,这时点选Jpanel的flowLayout1将右边Properties中的alignment设置为LEFT,这时Jpanel1中的组键就会向左排列。选中其中一个组键,在Properties中的preferredSize可以设置组键的宽和高。同样的方法在Jpanel2中画三个Jbutton按钮,将text分别设为“增加”、“删除”、“修改”。点选Jpane2的flowLayout2将右边Properties中的hgap设置为30(按钮的间距,可根据自己的需要调整数值大小), 这样就调整了三个按钮之间的距离,设置vgap还可以改变Jpane2区域的高度。

第四,在jScrollPane1中建一个表格用来显示数据库数据的内容,在组件盘内点选Swing 页签,选取JTable图标,将Jtable加入到jScrollPane1中。

最后,将this中的defaultCloseOperation改为EXIT_ON_CLOSE,这样在关闭窗口时程序会自动退出。

程序源代码如下(除中文注释部分的两句是自己加上去,其余是自动生成):

import javax.swing.*; 

import java.awt.*; 

import java.awt.event.*; 

import java.util.Vector; 

import javax.swing.table.DefaultTableModel; 

public class Frame1 

extends JFrame { 

BorderLayout borderLayout1 = new BorderLayout(); 

JPanel jPanel1 = new JPanel(); 

JPanel jPanel2 = new JPanel(); 

JPanel jPanel3 = new JPanel(); 

JLabel jLabel1 = new JLabel(); 

JTextField jTextField1 = new JTextField(); 

JButton jButton1 = new JButton(); 

FlowLayout flowLayout1 = new FlowLayout(); 

FlowLayout flowLayout2 = new FlowLayout(); 

JButton jButton2 = new JButton(); 

JButton jButton3 = new JButton(); 

JButton jButton4 = new JButton(); 

GridLayout gridLayout1 = new GridLayout(); 

JScrollPane jScrollPane1 = new JScrollPane(); 

JTable jTable1 = new JTable(); 


public Frame1() { 

try { 

jbInit(); 

} 

catch (Exception e) { 

e.printStackTrace(); 

} 

} 


public static void main(String[] args) { 

Frame1 frame1 = new Frame1(); 

frame1.setSize(new Dimension(400, 350)); 

frame1.show(); 


} 



private void jbInit() throws Exception { 

this.getContentPane().setLayout(borderLayout1); 

jPanel1.setBackground(Color.red); 

jPanel1.setLayout(flowLayout1); 

jPanel2.setBackground(Color.red); 

jPanel2.setLayout(flowLayout2); 

jPanel3.setBackground(Color.pink); 

jPanel3.setLayout(gridLayout1); 

jLabel1.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(100, 16)); 

jLabel1.setText("请输入查询条件"); 

jTextField1.setPreferredSize(new Dimension(140, 22)); 

jTextField1.setText(""); 

jButton1.setText("查询"); 

jButton1.addActionListener(new Frame1_jButton1_actionAdapter(this)); 

flowLayout1.setAlignment(FlowLayout.LEFT); 

flowLayout1.setHgap(5); 

flowLayout1.setVgap(10); 

jButton2.setText("增加"); 

jButton3.setText("删除"); 

jButton4.setText("修改"); 

flowLayout2.setHgap(30); 

flowLayout2.setVgap(5); 

this.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE); 

this.getContentPane().add(jPanel1, BorderLayout.NORTH); 

jPanel1.add(jLabel1, null); 

jPanel1.add(jTextField1, null); 

jPanel1.add(jButton1, null); 

this.getContentPane().add(jPanel2, BorderLayout.SOUTH); 

jPanel2.add(jButton2, null); 

jPanel2.add(jButton3, null); 

jPanel2.add(jButton4, null); 

this.getContentPane().add(jPanel3, BorderLayout.CENTER); 

jPanel3.add(jScrollPane1, null); 

jScrollPane1.getViewport().add(jTable1, null); 

} 


//模拟查询数据库 

void jButton1_actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { 

try { //制作表 

Vector vcol = new Vector(); //列名 

Vector vrow = new Vector(); //内容 

for (int col = 1; col < 31; col++) { 

vcol.addElement("列" + col); 

} 

for (int row = 1; row < 101; row++) { 

Vector vr1 = new Vector(); 

for (int col = 1; col < 31; col++) { 

vr1.addElement(row + "/" + col); 

} 

vrow.addElement(vr1); 

} 

DefaultTableModel dtm = new DefaultTableModel(vrow, vcol); 

jTable1 = new JTable(vrow, vcol); 

jTable1.setAutoResizeMode(JTable.AUTO_RESIZE_OFF); //滚动条设置左右滚 

this.jScrollPane1.getViewport().add(jTable1, null); //在滚动条中放入表 

} 

catch (Exception ex) { 

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, ex); 

} 


} 

} 


class Frame1_jButton1_actionAdapter 

implements java.awt.event.ActionListener { 

Frame1 adaptee; 


Frame1_jButton1_actionAdapter(Frame1 adaptee) { 

this.adaptee = adaptee; 

} 


public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { 

adaptee.jButton1_actionPerformed(e); 

} 

} 

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